Prof. J. Srinivasan

Chairman,  Divecha Centre for Climate Change,

Indian Institute of Science

Email: jayes@caos.iisc.ernet.in

Tel:  +91-80-2293-3068    

+91-80-2360-3331    

+91-80-2293-2505

Fax:     +91-80-2293-3425

Dr. Govindasamy Bala

Professor

Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

Indian Institute of Science

Email: gbala@iisc.ac.in

Tel:     +91-80-2293-3428

Fax: +91-80-2293-3425

Publications

2018

• 89. Thejna, T, G. Bala,N.Devaraju and R. Nemani, 2018: Potential roles of CO2 fertilization, climate warming, nitrogen deposition and land use and land cover change on the global terrestrial carbon uptake in the 21st century, Climate Dynamics,

• 88. Chaitra, A., and others, 2018: Impact of Climate Change on Vegetation Distribution and Net Primary Productivity of Forests of Himalayan River Basins: Brahmaputra, Koshi and Indus American Journal of Climate Change, 7, 271-294

• 87. Rohi Muthyala, G. Bala,A. Nalam, 2018: Regional scale analysis of climate extremes in an SRM geoengineering simulation, Part 1: precipitation extremes, Current Science,VOL. 114, NO. 5,Pages:1024-1035

• 86. Rohi Muthyala. G. Bala,A. Nalam,, 2018: Regional scale analysis of climate extremes in an SRM geoengineering simulation, Part 2: temperature extremes, Current Science,VOL. 114, NO. 5,Pages:1036-1045

• 85. Devaraju, N., Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré,Benjamin Quesada, G. Bala, 2018: How important are indirect biophysical effects of land use and land cover changes compared to direct effects?, Journal of Climate, DOI 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0563.1

• 84. Modak, A. G. Bala, K. Caldeira,L. Cao, 2018: Does shortwave absorption by Methane influence its effectiveness?, Climate Dynamics, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-018-4102-x

2017

• 83. Nalam, A. G. Bala, A. Modak, 2017: Effects of Arctic Geoengineering on Tropical Precipitation, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-017-3810-y

• 82. Sayli A Tawde, A. V. Kulkarni, G. Bala, 2017: An estimate of glacier mass balance for Chandra basin, western Himalaya for the period 1989-2009, Annuals of Glacialogy, doi: 10.1017/aog.2017.18

• 81. Sharma,J,S. Upgupta,M. Jayaraman,R.K.Chaturvedi, G. Bala,N.H. Ravindranath, 2017: Inherent and climate change vulnerability of forests and plantations in India, Environmental Management,, 10.1002/2016JD025555

• 80. L. Cao, Lei Duan, G. Bala,K. Caldeira, 2017: Simultaneous stabilization of temperature and precipitation through cocktail geoengineering, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1002/2017GL074281

• 79. Thejna T, G. Bala, D. Noone, 2017: Impact of deep convection on the isotopic amount effect in tropical precipitation, Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 10.1002/2016JD025555

2016

• 78. Sayli A Tawde, V. Kulkarni, G. Bala, 2016: Estimation of glacier Mass balance: An approach based on satellite-derived snowlines and temperature index model, Current Science, 111(12), 1977-1988.

• 77. K. Caldeira, G. Bala, 2016: Reflecting on 50 years of geoengineering research Earth’s Future, DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000454.

• 76. A. Modak, G. Bala, L. Cao, and K. Caldeira, 2016: Why must a solar forcing be larger than a CO2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change? Environmental Research Letters, doi:10.1088/1748- 9326/11/4/044013.

• 75. Tashina Esteves, Darshini Ravindranath, Satyasiba Beddamatta, K V Raju, Jagmohan Sharma, G Bala and Indu K Murthy, 2016: Multi-scale vulnerability assessment for adaptation planning: A case study for Karnataka, Current Science,.110(7), 1225-1239.

• 74. L. Cao, Lei Duan,, G. Bala and K. Caldeira, 2016: Simulated long-term climate response to idealized solar geoengineering, Geophys. Res. Lett., DOI:10.1002/2016GL068079.

2015

• 73. N. Devaraju*, G. Bala, K. Caldeira and R. Nemani, 2015: A model based investigation of the relative importance of CO2-fertilization, climate warming, nitrogen deposition and land use change on the global terrestrial carbon cycle in the historical period, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-015-2830-8.

• 72. L. Cao, G. Bala and K. Caldeira, 2015: Fast and slow climate responses to CO2 and solar forcing: A linear multivariate regression model characterizing transient climate change, Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023901.

• 71. N. Devaraju, G. Bala and A. Modak, 2015: Effects of large scale deforestation on precipitation in the monsoon regions: Remote versus local effects, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi.10.1073/pnas.1423439112.

• 70. Sharma, J., Sujata Upgupta, Rajesh Kumar, R. Chaturvedi, G. Bala, N.H. Ravindranath, 2015: Assessment of "inherent vulnerability" of forests for building resilience to climate change in Western Ghats Karnataka, India, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, DOI 10.1007/s11027-015-9659-7.

• 69. N. Devaraju, G. Bala and R. Nemani, 2015: Modeling the influence of land-use changes on biophysical and biochemical interactions at regional and global scales, Plant, Cell and Environment, doi: 10.1111/pce.12488.

2014

• 68. Sirisha, K., G. Bala, A. Modak and K. Caldeira, 2014: Modeling of solar radiation management: a comparison of simulations using reduced solar constant and stratospheric sulphate aerosols, Clim. Dyn., DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2240-3.

• 67. Angshuman Modak, and G. Bala, 2014: Sensitivity of simulated climate to latitudinal distribution of solar insolation reduction in solar radiation management, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7769-7779. [Also in Atmos. Chem. and Phy. Discuss, 13, 25387-25415, doi:10.5194/acpd-13-25387-2013].

• 66. Chaturvedi, R., A. Kulkarni, Y. Karyakarte, J. Joshi, G. Bala, 2014: Glacial Mass balance changes in Karakoram and Himalaya based on CMIP5 climate change projections, Climatic Change, DOI 10.1007/s10584-013-1052-5.

2013

• 65. Ciais, P., C. Sabine, G. Bala, L. Bopp, V. Brovkin, J. Canadell, A. Chhabra, R. DeFries, J. Galloway, M. Heimann, C. Jones, C. Le Quere, R.B. Myneni, S. Piao and P. Thornton, 2013: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

• 64. Sharma, J., R. Chaturvedi, G. Bala, N. H. Ravindranath, 2013: Assessing " inherent vulnerability " of forests: a methodological approach and a case study from Western Ghats, India, Mitigation and adaptation strategies under global change, DOI 10.1007/s11027-013-9508-5.

• 63. Sharma, J., R. Chaturvedi, G. Bala, N. H. Ravindranath, 2013: Challenges in vulnerability assessment of forest carbon management under climate change, Carbon Management,Vol. 4, No. 4, Pages 403-411 , DOI 10.4155/cmt.13.35.

• 62. G. Bala, N. Devaraju, R. K. Chaturvedi, K. Caldeira, R. Nemani, 2013: Nitrogen Deposition: How important is it for global terrestrial carbon uptake? Biogeosciences, 10, 7147-7160, doi:10.5194/bg-10-7147-2013. (Also published in Biogeosciences Discussion, 10, 11077-11109, doi:10.5194/bgd-10-11077-2013).

• 61. K. Caldeira, G. Bala, L.Cao, 2013: The Science of Geoengineering, Annual Reviews in Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41:231-56, 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105548.

• 60. G. Bala, Jaideep Joshi, R. Chaturvedi, H.V. Gangamani, Hirofumi Hashimoto R. Nemani, 2013: Trends and Variability in AVHRR-derived NPP in India, Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 810-829; doi:10.3390/rs5020810.

2012

• 59. Chaturvedi, R., Jaideep Joshi, J. Mathangi, G. Bala, N.H.Ravindranath, 2012: Multi-model projection of climate change for India under representative concentration pathways. Current Science, 103(7), 1-12.

• 58. G. Bala, Sujith Krishna, Devaraju Narayanappa, Long Cao, K. Caldeira, R. Nemani, 2012: An estimate of equilibrium sensitivity of terrestrial carbon cycle using NCAR CCSM4, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1495-9.

• 57. Cao, L., G. Bala, K. Caldeira, 2012: Climate response on the time scale of days to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, Env. Res. Letters, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034015.

2011

• 56. G. Bala and B. Nag, 2011: Albedo enhancement over land to counteract global warming: Impacts on hydrological cycle, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1256-1.

• 55.N.H. Ravindranath, Sandhya Rao, Nitasha Sharma, Malini Nair, R Gopalakrishnan, Ananya S. Rao, S. Malaviya, Rakesh Tiwari, Anitha Sagadevan, M. Munsi and G. Bala, 2011: Climate Change Vulnerability Profiles for Northeast India, Current Science, 101(3), 384-394.

• 54. R. Gopalakrishnan, Mathangi Jayaraman, G. Bala and N.H. Ravindranath, 2011: Impact of Climate Change on Indian Forests, Current Science, 101(3), 348-355.

• 53. N. Devaraju, L. Cao, G. Bala, K. Caldeira, and R. Nemani, 2011: A model investigation of vegetation-atmosphere interactions on a millennial time scale, Biogeosciences, doi:10.5194/bg-8-3677-2011, 8, 3677-3686, 2011 (Also, N. Devaraju, L. Cao, G. Bala, K. Caldeira, and R. Nemani, 2011: A model investigation of vegetation-atmosphere interactions on a millennial time scale, Biogeosciences Discussion, doi:10.5194/bgd-8-8761-2011).

• 52. G. Ban-Weiss, G. Bala, L. Cao, J. Pongratz and K. Caldeira, 2011: Climate forcing and response to idealized changes in surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, Environmental Research Letters, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034032.

• 51. R. Gopalakrishnan, G. Bala, M. Jayaraman, L. Cao, R. Nemani, N.H.Ravindranath, 2011: Sensitivity of terrestrial water and energy budgets to CO2-physiological forcing: an investigation using an offline land model, Environmental Research Letters, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044013.

• 50. G. Ban-Weiss, L. Cao, G. Bala, K. Caldeira, 2011: Dependence of surface climate response on the altitude of black carbon aerosols, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1052-y.

• 49. L. Cao, G. Bala, K. Caldeira, 2011: Why is there a short-term increase in global precipitation in response to diminished CO2 forcing? Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06703, doi:10.1029/2011GL046713[Download PDF].

2010

• 48. G. Bala, R. Gopalakrishnan, M. Jayaraman, R. Nemani, N. H. Ravindranath, 2010: Simulated future terrestrial carbon uptake over India: Uncertainty from CO2-fertilization, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, DOI 10.1007/s11027-010-9260-z[Download PDF].

• 47. R. Chaturvedi, R. Gopalakrishnan, M. Jayaraman, K. Krishna, Savitha Patwardhan, G. Bala, N.V.Joshi, R. Sukumar, N.H.Ravindranath, 2010: Impact of climate change on Indian Forests: A dynamic modeling approach, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, DOI 10.1007/s11027-010-9257-7[Download PDF].

• 46. R. Gopalakrishnan, M. Jayaraman, R. Chaturvedi, G. Bala, N.H.Ravindranath, 2010: Effect of climate change on teak in India: A modeling based approach, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, DOI 10.1007/s11027-010-9258-6[Download PDF].

• 45. G. Bala,K. Caldeira,R.Nemani,. Cao, G. Ban-Weiss, and H. Shin, 2010: Albedo-enhancement of marine clouds to counteract global warming: Impacts on global hydrology, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-010-0868-1[Download PDF].

• 44. M. Wehner, G. Bala, P. B. Duffy, B. Santer, A. Mirin, Raquel Romano, Joseph Sirutis, and Michael Fiorino, 2010: Towards direct simulation of future tropical cyclone statistics in a high resolution global atmospheric model, Advances in Meteorology, doi:10.1155/2010/915303[Download PDF].

• 43. L. Cao, G. Bala, K. Caldeira, R. Nemani, George Ban-Weiss, 2010: Differences between climate responses to CO2-radiative and CO2-physiological forcing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107 (21) 9513-9518 [Download PDF].

2009

• 42. G. Bala,2009: Problems with geoengineering schemes to combat climate change, Current Science, 96(1), 41-46.[Download PDF].

• 41. G. Bala,K. Caldeira,R.Nemani,2009: Fast versus Slow Response in Climate Change: Implications for the Global Hydrological Cycle, Climate Dyn.,DOI 10.1007/s00382-009-0583-y[Download PDF].

• 40. Das,T.,H.G.Hidalgo,M.D.Dettinger,D.R.Cayan,D.W.Pierce,C.Bonfils,T.P.Barnetti,G.Bala, A.Mirin,2009: Structure and detectability of trends in hydrological measures over the western United States, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 871-892. [Download PDF].

• 39. Cao, L.,G. Bala,K. Caldeira,R.Nemani,G.Ban-Weiss,2009: Climate response to physiological forcing of carbon dioxide simulated by the coupled Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3.1) and Community Land Model (CLM3.0), Geophys. Res. Lett.,vol. 36, L10402, doi:10.1029/2009GL037724. [Download PDF].

• 38. Wehner, M.,G. Bala, P. B. Duffy, 2009: The effect of horizontal resolution on simulation of very extreme US precipitation events in a global atmosphere model, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-009-0656-y [Download PDF].

• 37. Caldwell, S. Chin, D. Bader, and G. Bala, 2009: Evaluation of a WRF dynamical downscaling over California, Climatic Change, 95, 499-521. [Download PDF].

• 36. D. Lobell, G. Bala, A. Mirin, T. J. Phillips, R. Maxwell, D. Rotman, 2009: Regional differences in influence of irrigation on climate, J. Climate, 22, 2248-2255.[Download PDF].

• 35. Hidalgo H.G., Das T., Dettinger M.D., Cayan D.R., Pierce D.W., Barnett T.P., G. Bala, Mirin A., Wood, A.W., Bonfils C., Santer B.D., Nozawa T, 2009: Detection and attribution of climate change in streamflow timing of the western United States, 22, 3838-3855.[Download PDF].

2008

• 34. G. Bala, R. Rood, D. Bader, A.Mirin, D. Ivanova, C. Drui, 2008: Simulated Climate near Steep Topography: Sensitivity to Dynamical Methods for Atmospheric Transport, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14807, doi:10.1029/2008GL033204 [Download PDF].

• 33. G. Bala, P. B. Duffy, and K. E. Taylor, 2008: Impact of geoengineering schemes on the global hydrological cycle, Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(22), 7664-7669.[Download PDF].  [Download supplemental material]

• 32. Tim P. Barnett, David W. Pierce, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Celine Bonfils, Benjamin D. Santer, Tapash Das,G. Bala, Andrew W. Wood, Toru Nozawa, Arthur A. Mirin, Daniel R. Cayan, Michael D. Dettinger, 2008: Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States, Science, 319, 1080-1083. [Download PDF].

• 31. Celine Bonfils, Benjamin D. Santer, David W. Pierce, Hugo G. Hidalgo, G. Bala, Tapash Das, Tim P. Barnet, Michael Dettinger, Daniel R. Cayan , Charles Doutriaux, Andrew W. Wood, Art Mirin, Toru Nozawa, 2009: Detection and attribution of temperature changes in the mountainous western United States, 21, 6404-6424.[Download PDF].

• 30. David W. Pierce, Tim P. Barnett, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Tapash Das, Celine Bonfils, Benjamin D. Santer, G. Bala, Michael D. Dettinger, Daniel R. Cayan, Art Mirin, Andrew W. Wood, Toru Nozawa, 2009: Attribution of declining western U.S. snowpack to human effects, 21, 6425-6444.[Download PDF].

• 29. G. Bala, R. Rood, A. Mirin, J. McClean, K. Achuta Rao, D. Bader, P. Gleckler, R. Neale, P. Rash, 2008: Evaluation of a high-resolution CCSM3 simulation with a Finite Volume dynamical core for the atmosphere, J. Climate, 21(7), 1467-1486.[Download PDF].

• 28. Kim, S.-J. T. J. Crowley, D. Erickson, G. Bala, P. B. Duffy, B. Y. Lee, High-resolution simulation of the last glacial maximum, 2008: Climate Dynamics, 31, 1-16.[Download PDF].

2007

• 27. G. Bala, K. Caldeira, M. Wickett, T. J. Phillips, D. Lobell, C. Delire, and A. Mirin, 2007: Combined climate and carbon cycle effects of global deforestation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(16), 6550-6555.[Download PDF].

2006

• 26. Lobell, D., G. Bala, C. Bonfils, P. B. Duffy, 2006: Potential bias of model projected greenhouse warming in irrigated regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13709.[Download PDF].

• 25. Lobell, D., G. Bala, P. Duffy, 2006: Biogeophysical impacts of cropland management changes on climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06708.[Download PDF].

2005

• 24. G. Bala, K. Caldeira, A. Mirin, M. Wickett, C. Delire, 2005: Direct effects of CO2-fertilization on climate, Tellus B, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00210.x[Download PDF].

• 23. Gibbard, S., K. Caldeira, G. Bala, T. Phillips, and M. Wickett, 2005: The effects of land cover changes on global climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2005GL024550.[Download PDF].

• 22. Gettelman, A., B. Collins, E. J. Fetzer, A. Eldering, F. W. Irion, P. Duffy, G. Bala, 2006: A satellite climatology of upper tropospheric relative humidity and implications for climate, J. Climate, 19(23), 6104-6121.[Download PDF].

• 21. Friedlingstein, P., P. Cox, R. Betts, V. Brovkin, I. Fung, G. Bala, C. Jones, M. Kawamiya, K. Lindsay, D. Mathews, T. Raddatz, P. Rayner, E. Roeckner, S. Thompson, and N. Zeng, 2005: Climate-carbon feedback analysis: Results from the C4MIP model intercomparison, J. Climate, 19, 3337-3353.[Download PDF].

• 20. Oliker, L., J. Carter, M. Wehner, A. Canning, S. Ethier, B. Govindasamy, A. Mirin, D. Parks, 2005: Leading computational methods on scalar and vector HEC platforms, SC 2005, High performance computing, networking, and storage conference, Seatle, Washington, Nov. 12-18, 2005.

• 19. G. Bala, K. Caldeira, A. Mirin, M. Wickett, and C. Delire, Multi-century changes to global climate and carbon cycle model: Results from a Coupled Climate and Carbon Cycle Model 2005, J. Climate, 18, 4531-4544.[Download PDF].

• 18. B. Govindasamy, S. Thompson, A. Mirin, M. Wickett, K. Caldeira , and C. Delire, 2005: Increase of Carbon Cycle Feedback with Climate Sensitivity: Results from a Coupled Climate and Carbon Cycle Model, Tellus, 57(B), 153-163.[Download PDF].

2004

• 17. Thompson, S. L., B. Govindasamy, A. Mirin, K. Caldeira, C. Delire, J. Milovich, M. Wickett, D. Erickson, 2004: Quantifying the Effects of CO2-fertilizated vegetation on future global climate and carbon dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23211.[Download PDF].

• 16. Iorio, J., P. Duffy, B. Govindasamy, and S. L. Thompson, Effects of increased resolution on the simulation of daily precipitation statistics in the US, 2004: Climate Dynamics, 23, 243-258.[Download PDF].

2003

• 15. Duffy, P. B., B. Govindasamy, J. P. Iorio, J. Milovich, K. R. Sperber, K. E. Taylor, M. F. Wehner, and S. L. Thompson, 2003: High resolution simulations of global glimate, Part 1: Present Climate, Climate Dynamics, 21, 371-390.[Download PDF].

• 14. B. Govindasamy, P. B. Duffy, J. Coquard, 2003: High resolution simulations of global, Part 2: Effects of increased greenhouse gases, Climate Dynamics, 21, 391-404.[Download PDF].

• 13. B. Govindasamy, K. Caldeira, and P. B.Duffy, 2003: Geoengineering Earth's radiation balance to mitigate climate change from a quadrupling of CO2, Global and Planetary Change, 37, 157-168.[Download PDF].

2002

• 12. Snyder, M. A., J. L. Bell, L. C. Sloan, P. B. Duffy and B. Govindasamy, 2002: Climate responses to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide for a climatically vulnerable region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (11), 10.1029/2001GL014431.

• 11. B. Govindasamy, S. Thompson, P. B. Duffy, and K. Caldeira, 2002: Impact of geoengineering schemes on the terrestrial biosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (22), 10.1029/2002GL015911.[Download PDF].

2001

• 10. B. Govindasamy, K. E. Taylor, P. B. Duffy, B. J. Santer, A. S. Grossman, and K. E. Grant, 2001: Limitations of the equivalent CO2 approximation in climate change simulations, J. Geophys. Res.. 106, 22593-22603.

• 9. B. Govindasamy, Phil Duffy, and Ken Caldeira, 2001: Land use change and Northern Hemisphere cooling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28 , No. 2, p. 291. [Download PDF].

2000

• 8. B. Govindasamy and Ken Caldeira, 2000: Geoengineering earth's radiation balance to mitigate CO2-induced climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27 , No. 14 , p. 2141[Download PDF]

1999

• 7. B. Govindasamy, M.F.Wehner, C.R.Mechoso, and P.B.Duffy, 1999: The influence of a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer scheme on the simulated climate of LLNL/UCLA AGCM. Global and Planetary Change, 20, 67-86.[Download PDF].

1997

• 6. B. Govindasamy, and S.T.Garner, 1997: The equilibration of short baroclinic waves. J. Atmos Sci., 54, 2850-2871.[Download PDF].

• 5. G.Balasubramanian, and S.T.Garner, 1997: The role of eddy momentum fluxes in shaping the lifecycle of a Baroclinic wave. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 510-533.[Download PDF].

1996

• 4. G.Balasubramanian, and M.K.Yau, 1996: The lifecycle of a simulated marine cyclone: Energetics and PV Diagnostics. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 639-563.[Download PDF].

1995

• 3. G.Balasubramanian, and M.K.Yau, 1995: Explosive marine cyclogenesis in a three layer model with a representation of slantwise convection: A sensitivity study. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 533-550.[Download PDF].

1994

• 2. G.Balasubramanian, and M.K.Yau, 1994a: Baroclinic instability in a two-layer model with parameterized slantwise convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 674-701.[Download PDF].

• 1. G.Balasubramanian, and M.K.Yau, 1994b: Effects of convection on a simulated marine cyclone. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2397-2417.[Download PDF].